The circulatory system
Circulation is the movement of blood through the circulatory system. Circulation carries nutrients and oxygen to all parts of the body, and collects waste substances, which can be dangerous.
Our heart works like a pump, and moves blood through the body. It never stops beating.
Blood vessels are tubes which transport blood through the circulatory system. There are three kinds: arteries, veins and capillaries.
• Arteries are the blood vessels which carry blood away from the heart.
• Veins are the blood vessels which carry blood into the heart.
• Capillaries are tiny blood vesselswhich connect arteries to veins. They reach every part of our body.
Blood circulation
There are two circulatory systems:
• Pulmonary circulation is the movement of blood between the heart and the lungs. Blood leaves the heart through the pulmonary arteries and goes to the lungs. In the lungs, the blood absorbs oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. The blood then returns to the heart through the pulmonary veins.
• Systemic circulation is the movement of blood to the rest of the body.Blood with oxygen from the lungs leaves the heart through the aorta. It distributes nutritive substances and oxygen throughout the body. Finally, it returns to the heart through the vena cava.Vocabulary: aorta, arteries, blood, blood vessels, capillaries,
Vocabulary: aorta, arteries, blood, blood vessels, capillaries,
carotid artery, circulation, circulatory system, femoral artery, heart,
humeral artery, jugular vein, pump, renal vein, veins, vena cava
Exercises. We are going to make them in class.
1. Digestion / circulation is the movement of blood through the circulatory system.
2. Our heart / stomach works like a pump.
3. It never stops eating / beating.
4. There are three kinds of food / blood vessels
5. Arteries carry blood into / away from the heart.
6. Veins carry blood away from / into the heart.
7. Capillaries connect arteries to veins. They reach / don’t reach every part of our body.
Underline the words related to breathing.
• inhalation • exhalation • intestine • expiration • bronchi
• lungs • liver • kidney • trachea • oxygen
Order the steps in the excretion process.
The kidneys filter the blood. Blood goes through the
kidneys.
Urine is expelled through the urethra. Urine is formed.
Urine is carried by the ureters. Urine is stored in the
bladder..
Are the sentences true or false? Write T (true) or F (false).
a. The heart is important in the circulation of the blood.
b. When you are worried, your heart goes slower.
c. The heart is a gland.
d. We should do exercise if we want to keep our heart healthy.
e. Smoking and drinking are good for the heart.
f. The heart is divided into several parts.
g. There are two types of circulation.
h. Pulmonary circulation involves the lungs.
i. The blood in the lungs absorbs carbon dioxide.
Write three sentences in the correct order using ‘first’, ‘next’ or ‘finally’.
a. The blood goes back to the heart through the pulmonary veins.
Blood leaves the heart and goes to the lungs.
The blood absorbs oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.
b. Nutritive substances are distributed throughout the body.
Blood with oxygen from the lungs leaves the heart through the aorta.
Blood returns to the heart through the vena cava.
a. Pulmonary circulation:
b. Systemic circulation:
Match.
Capillaries •are blood vessels which carry blood away from the heart.
Veins •are tiny blood vessels which connect arteries to veins.
Arteries •are blood vessels which carry blood into the heart.
The heart is a muscle and, like all muscles, it needs exercise to keep it healthy. That is why it is important to be active and play sports. We also need to eat the right foods to keep our heart in good condition. Substances such as alcohol and tobacco can damage our hearts.
The heart is divided into two parts, left and right. In pulmonary
circulation, blood leaves the heart and goes to the lungs. In the
lungs, the blood absorbs oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.
Then the blood goes back to the heart through the pulmonary veins. In systemic circulation, blood with oxygen from the lungs leaves the heart through the aorta. This blood provides the body with nutritive substances and oxygen. Finally, it returns to the heart through the vena cava.
We cannot live without a heart. In the past, people with very
unhealthy hearts died. Then, in 1967, Doctor Christiaan Barnard carried out the first human heart transplant. In this operation, the healthy heart of someone who has died replaces the unhealthy heart of another person. Since then, thousands of heart transplants have been carried out. The first transplant patients did not live for very long, but techniques and drugs improved and today transplant patients are living for much longer.
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